dropdown_attribute.php

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<?php
/* Create attribute */
$attribute = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->create(
    \Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\Eav\Attribute::class
);

if (!$attribute->loadByCode(4, 'dropdown_attribute')->getId()) {
    $installer = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->create(
        \Magento\Catalog\Setup\CategorySetup::class
    );

    $attribute->setData(
        [
            'attribute_code'                => 'dropdown_attribute',
            'entity_type_id'                => $installer->getEntityTypeId('catalog_product'),
            'is_global'                     => 0,
            'is_user_defined'               => 1,
            'frontend_input'                => 'select',
            'is_unique'                     => 0,
            'is_required'                   => 0,
            'is_searchable'                 => 0,
            'is_visible_in_advanced_search' => 0,
            'is_comparable'                 => 0,
            'is_filterable'                 => 0,
            'is_filterable_in_search'       => 0,
            'is_used_for_promo_rules'       => 0,
            'is_html_allowed_on_front'      => 1,
            'is_visible_on_front'           => 1,
            'used_in_product_listing'       => 1,
            'used_for_sort_by'              => 0,
            'frontend_label'                => ['Drop-Down Attribute'],
            'backend_type'                  => 'varchar',
            'backend_model'                 => \Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\Backend\ArrayBackend::class,
            'option'                        => [
                'value' => [
                    'option_1' => ['Option 1'],
                    'option_2' => ['Option 2'],
                    'option_3' => ['Option 3'],
                ],
                'order' => [
                    'option_1' => 1,
                    'option_2' => 2,
                    'option_3' => 3,
                ],
            ],
        ]
    );
    $attribute->save();

    /* Assign attribute to attribute set */
    $installer->addAttributeToGroup('catalog_product', 'Default', 'Attributes', $attribute->getId());
}